What is an ES framework in the Antarctic Treaty System?

In the Antarctic Treaty System context, an ES framework can offer a valuable tool whereby different structural and functional elements of the ecosystems (e.g., net primary productivity and biomass) and the socio-cultural context (e.g., benefits and beneficiaries) are fully acknowledged and integrated in the decision-making process.

Is Antarctic es a socio-ecosystem?

However, Antarctic terrestrial and marine ES remain to be systematically assessed, mainly as a result of the history and legal particularities of the continent, but also in part due to the existing lack of supporting scientific knowledge and advice, from a socio-ecosystemic perspective, under the ES framework (see Pertierra and Hughes, 2019).

What are Antarctic ecosystem services?

Antarctic ecosystem services are rich and diverse and include global climate modulation, biodiversity and habitat protection, cultural heritage, scientific knowledge, education and recreation as well as the extraction of marine living resources.

Are es methodologies relevant in Antarctica?

However, as recognition of the high value of Antarctic ecosystems increases (Chown et al., 2015), application of ES methodologies becomes particularly relevant.

Why is the Antarctic surface climatology dataset important?

This dataset is invaluable for improved characterization of the surface climatology across the Antarctic continent, to improve our understanding of Antarctic surface snow–atmosphere interactions including precipitation events associated with atmospheric rivers and to evaluate regional climate models or meteorological reanalysis products.

What is a hybrid energy system in Antarctica?

Many national Antarctic programmes (NAPs) have adopted hybrid systems combining fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, with a preference for solar or wind depending on the specific location of the research station and previous experiences with certain technologies.